CARE OF THE SKIN

SEE STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN HERE

 

The skin is the largest organ of the body. It is divided into 3 main layers, namely

  1. Epidermis
  2. Dermis
  3. Subcutaneous fat

The epidermis can be divided into several layers. The outermost layer is composed of a relatively thin, but rough, protective top layer of dead skin cells, the stratum corneum. The remainder of the epidermis is made up of cells called keratinocytes as well as melanocytes, which are pigment cells responsible for skin pigmentation.

Within the dermis are found supporting and elastic tissue, nerves, oil glands, sweat glands, blood vessels and hair roots.

The subcutaneous fat is composed of fat cells, which forms a cushioning layer between the skin and the deeper muscles and also serves as an energy store.

What does your skin do?

The skin provides several important functions.

  1. Barrier function - the skin protects the internal structures of our body against injuries, and yet allows exchange of fluids and gases between the body and the environment.
  2. Temperature regulation - alteration of the rates of skin blood flow and sweating helps maintain our skin and body temperature.
  3. Protection against harmful effects of ultraviolet light through our pigment cells.
  4. Sensory organ - through the specialized nerve endings in the skin, the body is able to perceive various sensations evoked by external agents.
  5. Metabolism - Vitamin D is produced through the interaction of ultraviolet light on precursors of vitamin D present in our skin.
  6. Immune function - the skin cells present in the epidermis protect the body against external agents.

Basic Skin Care

Good basic skin care is sensible care of the skin. It can be accomplished without expensive products. The basic ingredients to start you on maintenance of your skin consists of gentle soap and water, moisturizer, sun screen and some basic knowledge of when to see your doctor if you think there are any problems with your skin.

Soaps and Cleansers

Soap is simply any skin cleanser made from the salts of animal or vegetable fats. Cleaning with soap and water removes most environmental and natural skin surface substances, such as dirt, cosmetics, oils, bacteria, sweat and dead skin cells.

    For dry sensitive skin, these are suitable:

    1. Super fatted soaps, which contain extra amount of oils and fats to reduce the tendency of the soap to dry out your skin,
    2. "Soapless" soaps, which contain synthetic soaps made from petroleum derivatives
    3. Lipid cleansers, which include emulsions of cetyl alcohol, emulsifying ointment, aqueous creams or bath oils. These leave a film to moisturize the skin.

Soaps to avoid are strong medicated soaps, abrasive soaps as well as herbal soaps, especially on the face.

Even mild soaps or cleansers can still be drying to your skin. You can minimize a soap's tendency to be drying by being gentle with cleaning and taking care not to scrub excessively. Often water alone is adequate for skin cleansing.

Moisturizers - When to use them?

Naturally moist, smooth and supple skin results from sufficient amounts of water, oil and special chemicals called natural moisturizing factors. Under ordinary circumstances 95 percent of each of our cell is made up of water. It is the water content of your skin cells that determines how moist or supple your skin is. Avoiding dry skin is therefore one of the key elements in good basic skin care. Dry skin can also make you more prone to scaling, cracking, irritation, eczema and infections. Factors that cause or aggravate dry skin include harsh soaps, excessive bathing, low humidity and hereditary factors. Dry skin cannot be treated by drinking extra water or eating oily foods.

A moisturizer or emollient can make your skin more supple and promote smoothness. Moisturizers are used to prevent loss of water from the skin through evaporation, as well as holding on to water. Moisturizers cannot restore youth, rejuvenate your skin or dissolve your wrinkles. They should be applied on a daily basis especially after your bath.

Inexpensive, basic moisturizers generally do as good a job as expensive ones. Be skeptical of wild promises which any product claims; many such claims are not substantiated by any scientific evidence.

Sun protection - How useful is it?

The sun is responsible for premature aging. It hastens wrinkling and tanning of your skin, as well as causes the appearance of blotchy brownish discoloration. It is the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight that is responsible for suntans, sunburns, premature aging (wrinkles and pigmentation) and some types of skin cancers.

It is important to avoid excessive sun exposure. The sun's rays are strongest between the hours of 10am to 3pm. Clothing also has some bearing on the effects of sun exposure. Cotton fabrics provide superior protection from sunlight and tightly woven fabrics afford better protection than loose weaves.

In addition to common sense approaches to sun avoidance, the routine use of sun screen is an important part of basic skin maintenance. There are basically two types of sun screens:-

i) physical sun screens contain opaque, physical barriers such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide which reflect the light energy,

ii) chemical sun screens, which contain chemical ingredients to absorb the ultraviolet rays.

The SPF (Sun Protection Factor) tells you the degree of protection the sun screen offers. Generally an SPF of 20 or more is advised.

As a guide most sun screens should be applied at least twenty to thirty minutes before going out. You should re-apply after prolonged swimming or excessive perspiration.

When to seek professional advice?

Good basic skin care also means that you recognize problems that arise in the skin and seek professional advice early. If you develop a rash, itch, pigmentation problems or skin growths, see your family doctor or a dermatologist. Do not attempt self-cures. Specific problems should be treated by a professional.

 
skincare
 
web design